![]() ![]() Scale bars, also called graphic scale, are one way to represent scale on a map. In that tutorial, you used a scale bar to understand distances in Google Earth. You were introduced to the concept of scale when you completed the Lab 1 Exercises and the Google Earth Tutorial. Map scale refers to the fixed ratio between the distance you measure on a map (or in satellite imagery or air photos) and the actual distance on the ground, in the real world. This lab will build upon those concepts to give you a deeper understanding of what elements make a map and what information you can convey in a map. You also learned that locations on maps are specified using grid systems that might include the geographic or UTM systems. You learned that all maps are drawn to scale that is, a designated distance on the map is equal to a corresponding real distance on the actual surface of the Earth. ![]() You were introduced to some important concepts about maps in the Lab 1 Exercises and the Google Earth Tutorial. Cultural features – roads, railways, buildings, and land boundaries.Water features – lakes, ponds, rivers, canals, swamps, and streams.Relief – hills, valleys, mountains, and plains.The features shown on a topographic map may be divided into three groups: Geologists often use topographic maps as a base on which to display the geological information or data they wish to share. A topographic map is a graphic two-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional surface of the Earth. Maps are used to convey information about where observations were recorded in the field, or to show a geologist’s interpretations of the materials exposed or deposited on the Earth’s surface. Maps are used in the geosciences to show data or information in a spatial context. ![]() The purpose of a map is not limited to navigation. ![]()
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